AST:Docker高級篇之網絡詳解-云原生核心

前面給大家項目的介紹了Docker的基礎內容Docker基礎篇接下來給大家系統的介紹下Docker高級篇的內容：網絡核心、Docker實戰、DockerCompose、Harbor以及Swarm。歡迎關注收藏哦

Docker網絡介紹

Docker是基于LinuxKernel的namespace，CGroups,UnionFileSystem等技術封裝成的一種自定義容器格式，從而提供了一套虛擬運行環境。

namespace:用來做隔離的，比如pid、net、mnt

CGroups：ControllerGroups用來做資源限制，比如內存和CPU等

UnionFileSystems：用來做Image和Container分層

1.計算機網絡模型

Docker網絡官網：https://docs.docker.com/network/。

OSI：開放系統互聯參考模型(OpenSystemInterconnect)

TCP/IP:傳輸控制協議/網際協議(TransmissionControl/InternetProtocol),是指能夠在多個不同網絡間實現信息傳輸的協議簇。TCP/IP協議不僅僅指的是TCP和IP兩個協議，而是指一個由FTP、SMTP、TCP、UDP、IP等協議構成的協議簇，只是因為在TCP/IP協議中TCP協議和IP協議最具代表性，所以被稱為TCP/IP協議。

分層思想：分層的基本想法是每一層都在它的下層提供的服務基礎上提供更高級的增值服務，而最高層提供能運行分布式應用程序的服務

在這里插入圖片描述客戶端發送請求：在這里插入圖片描述

服務端接受請求：

在這里插入圖片描述

2Liunx中網卡

2.1查看網卡信息

查看網卡的命令:ipa

$ipa1:lo:<LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu65536qdiscnoqueuestateUNKNOWNgroupdefaultqlen1000link/loopback00:00:00:00:00:00brd00:00:00:00:00:00inet127.0.0.1/8scopehostlovalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforeverinet6::1/128scopehostvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever2:eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPgroupdefaultqlen1000link/ether52:54:00:4d:77:d3brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet10.0.2.15/24brd10.0.2.255scopeglobalnoprefixroutedynamiceth0valid_lft85987secpreferred_lft85987secinet6fe80::5054:ff:fe4d:77d3/64scopelinkvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever3:eth1:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPgroupdefaultqlen1000link/ether08:00:27:6e:31:45brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet192.168.56.10/24brd192.168.56.255scopeglobalnoprefixrouteeth1valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforeverinet6fe80::a00:27ff:fe6e:3145/64scopelinkvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever4:docker0:<NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP>mtu1500qdiscnoqueuestateDOWNgroupdefaultlink/ether02:42:bf:79:9f:debrdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet172.17.0.1/16brd172.17.255.255scopeglobaldocker0valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever

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通過ipa可以看到當前的centos中有的4個網卡信息作用分別是

名稱作用lo本地網卡eth0連接網絡的網卡eth1和宿主機通信的網卡docker0docker的網卡

iplinkshow:

$iplinkshow1:lo:<LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu65536qdiscnoqueuestateUNKNOWNmodeDEFAULTgroupdefaultqlen1000link/loopback00:00:00:00:00:00brd00:00:00:00:00:002:eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPmodeDEFAULTgroupdefaultqlen1000link/ether52:54:00:4d:77:d3brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff3:eth1:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPmodeDEFAULTgroupdefaultqlen1000link/ether08:00:27:6e:31:45brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff4:docker0:<NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP>mtu1500qdiscnoqueuestateDOWNmodeDEFAULTgroupdefaultlink/ether02:42:bf:79:9f:debrdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

以文件的形式查看網卡：ls/sys/class/net

$ls/sys/class/netdocker0eth0eth1lo

2.2配置文件

在Linux中網卡對應的其實就是文件，所以找到對應的網卡文件即可，存放的路徑

$cd/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/$lsifcfg-eth0ifdown-ethifdown-pppifdown-tunnelifup-ipppifup-postifup-TeamPortnetwork-functions-ipv6ifcfg-eth1ifdown-ipppifdown-routesifupifup-ipv6ifup-pppifup-tunnelifcfg-loifdown-ipv6ifdown-sitifup-aliasesifup-isdnifup-routesifup-wirelessifdownifdown-isdnifdown-Teamifup-bnepifup-plipifup-sitinit.ipv6-globalifdown-bnepifdown-postifdown-TeamPortifup-ethifup-plusbifup-Teamnetwork-functions

2.3網卡操作

網卡中增加ip地址

Billions項目組ipa1:lo:<LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu65536qdiscnoqueuestateUNKNOWNgroupdefaultqlen1000link/loopback00:00:00:00:00:00brd00:00:00:00:00:00inet127.0.0.1/8scopehostlovalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforeverinet6::1/128scopehostvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever2:eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPgroupdefaultqlen1000link/ether52:54:00:4d:77:d3brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet10.0.2.15/24brd10.0.2.255scopeglobalnoprefixroutedynamiceth0valid_lft84918secpreferred_lft84918secinet192.168.100.120/24scopeglobaleth0Billions項目組Billions項目組增加了一個IP地址valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforeverinet6fe80::5054:ff:fe4d:77d3/64scopelinkvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever3:eth1:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPgroupdefaultqlen1000link/ether08:00:27:6e:31:45brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet192.168.56.10/24brd192.168.56.255scopeglobalnoprefixrouteeth1valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforeverinet6fe80::a00:27ff:fe6e:3145/64scopelinkvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever4:docker0:<NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP>mtu1500qdiscnoqueuestateDOWNgroupdefaultlink/ether02:42:bf:79:9f:debrdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet172.17.0.1/16brd172.17.255.255scopeglobaldocker0valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever

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刪除IP地址:ipaddrdelete192.168.100.120/24deveth0

Billions項目組ipa1:lo:<LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu65536qdiscnoqueuestateUNKNOWNgroupdefaultqlen1000link/loopback00:00:00:00:00:00brd00:00:00:00:00:00inet127.0.0.1/8scopehostlovalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforeverinet6::1/128scopehostvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever2:eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPgroupdefaultqlen1000link/ether52:54:00:4d:77:d3brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet10.0.2.15/24brd10.0.2.255scopeglobalnoprefixroutedynamiceth0valid_lft84847secpreferred_lft84847secinet6fe80::5054:ff:fe4d:77d3/64scopelinkvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever3:eth1:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPgroupdefaultqlen1000link/ether08:00:27:6e:31:45brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet192.168.56.10/24brd192.168.56.255scopeglobalnoprefixrouteeth1valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforeverinet6fe80::a00:27ff:fe6e:3145/64scopelinkvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever4:docker0:<NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP>mtu1500qdiscnoqueuestateDOWNgroupdefaultlik/ether02:42:bf:79:9f:debrdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet172.17.0.1/16brd172.17.255.255scopeglobaldocker0valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever

2.4網卡信息解析

狀態：UP/DOWN/UNKOWN等

link/ether：MAC地址

inet：綁定的IP地址

3NetworkNamespace

NetworkNamespace是實現網絡虛擬化的重要功能，它能創建多個隔離的網絡空間，它們有獨自的網絡棧信息。不管是虛擬機還是容器，運行的時候仿佛自己就在獨立的網絡中。

3.1NetworkNamespce實戰

添加一個namespace

ipnetnsaddns1

查看當前具有的namespace

ipnetnslistBillions項目組ipnetnslistns1

刪除namespace

ipnetnsdeletens1Billions項目組ipnetnslistns1Billions項目組ipnetnslistBillions項目組ipnetnsexecns1ipa1:lo:<LOOPBACK>mtu65536qdiscnoopstateDOWNgroupdefaultqlen1000link/loopback00:00:00:00:00:00brd00:00:00:00:00:00在這里插入圖片描述啟動網絡狀態

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ipnetnsexecns1ifuploBillions項目組ipnetnsexecns1ifuploBillions項目組

關掉網絡狀態

Billions項目組ipnetnsexecns1ipa1:lo:<LOOPBACK>mtu65536qdiscnoqueuestateDOWNgroupdefaultqlen1000link/loopback00:00:00:00:00:00brd00:00:00:00:00:00

還可以通過link來設置狀態

Billions項目組ipnetnsexecns1ipa1:lo:<LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu65536qdiscnoqueuestateUNKNOWNgroupdefaultqlen1000link/loopback00:00:00:00:00:00brd00:00:00:00:00:00inet127.0.0.1/8scopehostlovalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforeverinet6::1/128scopehostvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforeverBillions項目組ipnetnsexecns1ipa1:lo:<LOOPBACK>mtu65536qdiscnoqueuestateDOWNgroupdefaultqlen1000link/loopback00:00:00:00:00:00brd00:00:00:00:00:00inet127.0.0.1/8scopehostlovalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforeverBillions項目組ipnetnsaddns2Billions項目組ipnetnsexecns1iplink1:lo:<LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu65536qdiscnoqueuestateUNKNOWNmodeDEFAULTgroupdefaultqlen1000link/loopback00:00:00:00:00:00brd00:00:00:00:00:006:veth-ns1@if5:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST>mtu1500qdiscnoopstateDOWNmodeDEFAULTgroupdefaultqlen1000link/ether7e:bb:ee:13:a2:9abrdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:fflink-netnsid1Billions項目組ipnetnsexecns1iplinksetveth-ns1upBillions項目組ipa1:lo:<LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu65536qdiscnoqueuestateUNKNOWNgroupdefaultqlen1000link/loopback00:00:00:00:00:00brd00:00:00:00:00:00inet127.0.0.1/8scopehostlovalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforeverinet6::1/128scopehostvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever2:eth0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPgroupdefaultqlen1000link/ether52:54:00:4d:77:d3brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet10.0.2.15/24brd10.0.2.255scopeglobalnoprefixroutedynamiceth0valid_lft66199secpreferred_lft66199secinet6fe80::5054:ff:fe4d:77d3/64scopelinkvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever3:eth1:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPgroupdefaultqlen1000link/ether08:00:27:6e:31:45brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet192.168.56.10/24brd192.168.56.255scopeglobalnoprefixrouteeth1valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforeverinet6fe80::a00:27ff:fe6e:3145/64scopelinkvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever4:docker0:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscnoqueuestateUPgroupdefaultlink/ether02:42:52:d4:0a:9fbrdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet172.17.0.1/16brd172.17.255.255scopeglobaldocker0valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforeverinet6fe80::42:52ff:fed4:a9f/64scopelinkvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever24:veth78a90d0@if23:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscnoqueuemasterdocker0stateUPgroupdefaultlink/ether7e:6b:8c:bf:7e:30brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:fflink-netnsid2inet6fe80::7c6b:8cff:febf:7e30/64scopelinkvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever26:vetha2bfbf4@if25:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscnoqueuemasterdocker0stateUPgroupdefaultlink/etherce:2f:ed:e5:61:32brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:fflink-netnsid3inet6fe80::cc2f:edff:fee5:6132/64scopelinkvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever

騰訊主機安全（云鏡）捕獲新挖礦木馬LoggerMiner，可感染Docker容器:騰訊主機安全（云鏡）捕獲一個新的挖礦木馬LoggerMiner，該木馬在云上主機中攻擊傳播，會利用當前主機上的ssh賬號信息對其他主機發起攻擊，以控制更多系統。并且，LoggerMiner還會嘗試對當前主機上的docker容器進行感染。

該木馬代碼中大量使用了logger字符串作為系統賬號名、文件路徑、通信域名等。騰訊安全團隊據此將其命名為“LoggerMiner”挖礦木馬。該木馬存在多個模塊具備以下惡意行為：利用ssh爆破感染其他云主機、修改ssh配置，關閉安全設置，留置后門，方便攻擊者遠程登錄；向docker容器發送惡意命令，進行感染；木馬的部分攻擊代碼尚未完工。木馬還會嘗試卸載云服務器安全軟件、結束競品挖礦木馬進程、停止系統日志、修改系統安全設置，刪除其他競品挖礦木馬創建的帳戶、添加自己的新帳號，安裝定時任務實現持久化等功能。（騰訊安全威脅情報中心）[2020/11/16 20:57:40]

然后查看tomcat01中的網絡：dockerexec-ittomcat01ipa可以發現

Billions項目組ping172.17.0.2PING172.17.0.2(172.17.0.2)56(84)bytesofdata.64bytesfrom172.17.0.2:icmp_seq=1ttl=64time=0.038ms64bytesfrom172.17.0.2:icmp_seq=2ttl=64time=0.038ms^C---172.17.0.2pingstatistics---2packetstransmitted,2received,0%packetloss,time999msrttmin/avg/max/mdev=0.038/0.038/0.038/0.000ms

既然可以ping通，而且centos和tomcat01又屬于兩個不同的NetWorkNameSpace，他們是怎么連接的？看圖

在這里插入圖片描述其實在tomcat01中有一個eth0和centos的docker0中有一個veth是成對的，類似于之前實戰中的veth-ns1和veth-ns2,要確認也很簡單

yuminstallbridge-utilsbrctlshow

執行

Billions項目組dockernetworklsNETWORKIDNAMEDRIVERSCOPE92242fc0f805bridgebridgelocal96b999d7fcc2hosthostlocal17b86f9caa33nonenulllocal

不妨檢查一下bridge：dockernetworkinspectbridge

"Containers":{"4b3500fed6b99c00b3ed1ae46bd6bc33040c77efdab343175363f32fbcf42e63":{"Name":"tomcat01","EndpointID":"40fc0925fcb59c9bb002779580107ab9601640188bf157fa57b1c2de9478053a","MacAddress":"02:42:ac:11:00:02","IPv4Address":"172.17.0.2/16","IPv6Address":""},"92d2ff3e9be523099ac4b45058c5bf4652a77a27b7053a9115ea565ab43f9ab0":{"Name":"tomcat02","EndpointID":"1d6c3bd73e3727dd368edf3cc74d2f01b5c458223f844d6188486cb26ea255bc","MacAddress":"02:42:ac:11:00:03","IPv4Address":"172.17.0.3/16","IPv6Address":""}}

在tomcat01容器中是可以訪問互聯網的，順便把這張圖畫一下咯，NAT是通過iptables實現的

在這里插入圖片描述

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4.2自定義NetWork

創建一個network，類型為Bridge

dockernetworkcreatetomcat-net或者dockernetworkcreatetomcat-net--subnet=172.18.0.0/24tomcat-net

查看已有的NetWork:dockernetworkls

Billions項目組dockernetworklsNETWORKIDNAMEDRIVERSCOPEb5c9cfbc0410bridgebridgelocal96b999d7fcc2hosthostlocal17b86f9caa33nonenulllocal43915cba1f92tomcat-netbridgelocal

查看tomcat-net詳情信息：dockernetworkinspecttomcat-net

Billions項目組dockerrun-d--namecustom-net-tomcat--networktomcat-nettomcat-ip:1.0264b3901f8f12fd7f4cc69810be6a24de48f82402b1e5b0df364bd1ee72d8f0e

查看custom-net-tomcat的網絡信息:截取了關鍵信息

12:br-43915cba1f92:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscnoqueuestateUPgroupdefaultlink/ether02:42:71:a6:67:c7brdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet172.18.0.1/16brd172.18.255.255scopeglobalbr-43915cba1f92valid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforeverinet6fe80::42:71ff:fea6:67c7/64scopelinkvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever14:veth282a555@if13:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu1500qdiscnoqueuemasterbr-43915cba1f92stateUPgroupdefaultlink/ether3a:3d:83:15:3f:edbrdff:ff:ff:ff:ff:fflink-netnsid3inet6fe80::383d:83ff:fe15:3fed/64scopelinkvalid_lftforeverpreferred_lftforever

查看網卡接口信息

Billions項目組dockerexec-itcustom-net-tomcatping172.17.0.2PING172.17.0.2(172.17.0.2)56(84)bytesofdata.^C---172.17.0.2pingstatistics---3packetstransmitted,0received,100%packetloss,time2000ms

此時如果tomcat01容器能夠連接上tomcat-net上應該就可以了

dockernetworkconnecttomcat-nettomcat01Billions項目組dockerexec-itcustom-net-tomcatpingtomcat01PINGtomcat01(172.18.0.3)56(84)bytesofdata.64bytesfromtomcat01.tomcat-net(172.18.0.3):icmp_seq=1ttl=64time=0.031ms

5深入分析Container網絡-Host&None

5.1Host

Host模式下,容器將共享主機的網絡堆棧,并且主機的所有接口都可供容器使用.容器的主機名將與主機系統上的主機名匹配

創建一個容器，并指定網絡為host

dockerrun-d--namemy-tomcat-host--networkhosttomcat-ip:1.0

查看ip地址

dockerexec-itmy-tomcat-hostipa

檢查host網絡

dockernetworkinspecthost"Containers":{"f495a6892d422e61daab01e3fcfa4abb515753e5f9390af44c93cae376ca7464":{"Name":"my-tomcat-host","EndpointID":"77012b1ac5d15bde3105d2eb2fe0e58a5ef78fb44a88dc8b655d373d36cde5da","MacAddress":"","IPv4Address":"","IPv6Address":""}}

5.2None

None模式不會為容器配置任何IP,也不能訪問外部網絡以及其他容器.它具有環回地址,可用于運行批處理作業.

創建一個tomcat容器，并指定網絡為none

dockerrun-d--namemy-tomcat-none--networknonetomcat-ip:1.0

查看ip地址

dockerexec-itmy-tomcat-none

檢查none網絡

dockernetworkinspectnone"Containers":{"c957b61dae93fbb9275acf73c370e5df1aaf44a986579ee43ab751f790220807":{"Name":"my-tomcat-none","EndpointID":"16bf30fb7328ceb433b55574dc071bf346efa58e2eb92b6f40d7a902ddc94293","MacAddress":"","IPv4Address":"","IPv6Address":""}}

6端口映射

創建一個tomcat容器，名稱為port-tomcat

dockerrun-d--nameport-tomcattomcat-ip:1.0

思考如何訪問tomcat的服務

dockerexec-itport-tomcatbashcurllocalhost:8080

如果要載centos7上訪問呢

dockerexec-itport-tomcatipacurl172.17.0.4:8080

如果我們需要在centos中通過localhost來訪問呢?這時我們就需要將port-tomcat中的8080端口映射到centos上了

dockerrm-fport-tomcatdockerrun-d--nameport-tomcat-p8090:8080tomcat-ip:1.0curllocalhost:8090

centos7是運行在win10上的虛擬機，如果想要在win10上通過ip:port方式訪問呢？

Billions項目組這種方式等同于橋接網絡。也可以給該網絡指定使用物理機哪一塊網卡，比如#config.vm.network"public_network",:bridge=>'en1:Wi-Fi(AirPort)'config.vm.network"public_network"centos7:ipa--->192.168.8.118win10:瀏覽器訪問192.168.8.118:9080在這里插入圖片描述

7多機之間通信

具體深入介紹會在DockerSwarm中詳聊，本節簡單介紹。

在同一臺centos7機器上，發現無論怎么折騰，我們一定有辦法讓兩個container通信。那如果是在兩臺centos7機器上呢？畫個圖

在這里插入圖片描述VXLAN技術實現：VirtualExtensibleLAN(虛擬可擴展局域網)。在這里插入圖片描述

ps:掌握了Docker的網絡，其實也就掌握整個技術的核心了，如果文章有幫助歡迎關注點贊收藏哦

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